What is the process by which individuals with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce?

• A. Genetic drift
• B. Natural selection
• C. Mutualism
• D. Coevolution

Answer: (B)

The process by which individuals with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce is known as natural selection. This concept, foundational to the theory of evolution, was first articulated by Charles Darwin. Natural selection occurs when certain hereditary traits give individuals a better chance of surviving in their specific environment compared to individuals without those traits. Over time, these advantageous traits become more common within the population, leading to evolutionary changes.

In essence, natural selection acts on the variation present within a population. Organisms that can adapt or have traits suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, transmitting those beneficial traits to the next generation. This mechanism is vital for driving the evolution of species and explaining the diversity of life forms we observe today.