What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus?

• A. Energy production
• B. Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids
• C. Synthesis of DNA
• D. Transport of nutrients across the membrane

Answer: (B)

The primary function of the Golgi apparatus is to modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids that have been synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for their specific destinations. This organelle plays a crucial role in post-translational modification, where proteins may undergo processes such as glycosylation (addition of sugar moieties) or phosphorylation (addition of phosphate groups), which are essential for their proper functioning.

After these modifications, the Golgi apparatus sorts the proteins and lipids based on their final destination—whether that be for secretion outside the cell, delivery to the cell membrane, or transport to lysosomes. The packaged molecules are then transported in vesicles that bud off from the Golgi membrane, ensuring that they reach the appropriate sites within or outside the cell.

This central role in processing and distributing biomolecules is why the Golgi apparatus is often described as the "post office" of the cell, where proteins and lipids are sent to their correct locations after they are completed and modified.